Kusanthula kwa zinthu zamagalasi

Zigawo zazikulu za magalasi achikuda ndi oyeretsedwa quartz mchenga ndi potaziyamu feldspar, albite, lead oxide (chinthu chachikulu cha galasi), saltpeter (potaziyamu nitrate: KNO3; kuzirala), zitsulo zamchere, zitsulo zamchere zamchere (magnesium chloride: MgCl, chithandizo chosungunuka). , kuonjezera kulimba), aluminium oxide (kuwonjezera kuwala ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala) Chromogenic agents amitundu yosiyanasiyana (monga chikasu chobiriwira cha chitsulo okusayidi, buluu wobiriwira wamkuwa wa okusayidi, etc.) ndi zowunikira (white arsenic, antimony trioxide, nitrate, sulfate fluoride, kloridi, cerium okusayidi, ammonium mchere, etc.).Galasi ya kristalo imasungunuka pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1450 ° C, ndipo zojambula zamagalasi zimapangidwira pa kutentha kwa 850 ° C ~ 900 ° C kupyolera mu ndondomeko yabwino ya dewaxing ndi kusakaniza mitundu.M'Chingerezi, galasi lokhala ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi lead nthawi zambiri limatchedwa crystal kapena crystal glass chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake komanso kumveka bwino, zomwe zimafanana ndi makristasi achilengedwe.Ku China, amatchedwa galasi.Monga mtundu wa magalasi amtundu wa kristalo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi lead omwe amawonjezeredwa ku galasi lachikuda (kumapangitsa kuti magalasiwo akhale ndi index yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino. Pakalipano, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poponya zili ndi zoposa 24%).Matanthauzowa amasiyana m'mayiko, monga 10% ku European Union ndi 24% ~ 40% ku Czech Republic.Nthawi zambiri, gawo la lead oxide likafika kupitilira 24%, galasi imakhala ndi ma transmittance abwino komanso refractive index, komanso imakhala yolemera komanso yofewa.

Chisokonezo cha mayina a magalasi achikuda ndi zotulukapo zake zofananira m’mbiri zadzetsa kusamvetsetsana ndi kusamvetsetsana kwa magalasi achikuda."Matale onyezimira" ndi "galasi lakuda la Boshan" lamakono ndi zitsanzo zowonetsera kwambiri.